Essays and reflections on medicine, psychoanalysis, addiction treatment, and related questions of the mind, suffering, and the human experience.

These essays grow out of clinical work in addiction medicine, but they range beyond it. They deal with addiction, withdrawal, pain, and psychotherapy, and also with the psychological and psychoanalytic questions that clinical work brings into view — how people regulate their inner lives, how suffering takes form, what treatment can and cannot do. Presented here, they move from the more general and widely applicable to the more narrow and specific.

Essay List

1. What Addiction Actually Is

A starting point for how addiction is being understood on this site.

2. The Structure of Addiction

On the simultaneous psychological and biological organization that addiction imposes on a person’s inner life.

3. The Function of Addiction

On what addiction does for a person, and why that question is essential to understanding why it persists.

4. The Idealized Substance

How people become powerfully attached to certain substances, and why those attachments can be so hard to loosen.

5. The Psychology of Relapse

On relapse as the return of a previously necessary solution under sufficient pressure.

6. What Recovery Actually Is

On what actually changes in a person for whom addiction has genuinely become less necessary.

7. Why Addiction Treatment Often Fails

On what treatment leaves untouched when it addresses only part of the problem.

8. Psychotherapy in Addiction Treatment

On what psychotherapy in this context actually involves, and what it asks of both patient and clinician.

9. The Neurobiology of Withdrawal

On withdrawal as a real and often prolonged state of nervous system dysregulation.

10. Chronic Pain and Addiction

On the shared psychological and biological conditions that make chronic pain and addiction so likely to become entangled.

11. Treating Benzodiazepine Dependence

On the clinical demands of treating benzodiazepine dependence: pharmacological, diagnostic, and psychological.

12. Benzodiazepine Withdrawal

On what benzodiazepine dependence actually does to the nervous system and the psychological organization that depends on it.

13. Alcohol and Shame

On alcohol’s specific relation to shame, self-consciousness, and the wish to escape the experience of being oneself under scrutiny.

14. Opioids and Emotional Pain

On opioids as emotional anesthesia, and on what it means to organize a life around the avoidance of pain through dense numbness.

15. Cannabis and Dissociation

On cannabis, modified contact, and the person for whom the ordinary traffic between self and world has become chronically overwhelming.

16. Nicotine

On nicotine as emotional regulator, daily structure, portable solitude, and reliable companion — and what it means to give all of that up.

17. GLP-1 Medications and Craving

On the emerging role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in addiction medicine, and what they may and may not be able to do.